The Surface of Venus Revealed
During the cold-war between America and the Soviets the real race was to the moon, but once that race was won a lesser race began to see who would master Mars exploration. After an unbelievably long series of failed Soviet missions to Mars — America managed to take the lead position in Mars exploration as well, with the Mariner and Viking missions. So the Soviets turned their eyes to our other neighbor, Venus, which seemed to garner very little attention from America apart from a few flyby missions. The Russians had Venus all to themselves and really didn’t have to be too concerned with anyone beating them to the punch.
So during the early 70’s the Soviets managed to be quite successful with multiple Venera missions to Venus which included various flybys, orbiters, radar mapping of the surface and even multiple landings on the surface. Some of the missions had failed, but most completed their missions and we have the above color images to prove it. Recently though, I stumbled across these projections of the above images which I have never seen before.
Someone who knows about such things, Don P. Mitchell (see more on his blog mentallandscape.com) had returned to the original data sent to us by the Venera spacecraft from over 30 years ago and with new computing techniques, managed to reveal to us Venus anew. Instead of just looking at some stones and tiny hints at what a Venusian sky might look like, these projections show what it might actually look like walking on the surface of Venus. The main part of the image above is a composite from spherical projections, which are seen at the top-right, remapped to perspective projections. The way the projection works is the closer you get to the very center of the image, the less accurate the representation may be. However, there is evidence in the data to assume most of what you see here even at the very center where the data was at most thin, is still fairly accurate.
Unfortunately the new projection images were only in black and white and i really missed what seemed to be really fascinating color from the original Venera images… so I tried to colorize it to match the originals.
This interpretation is artistic and not based upon any data other than looking at the original images and trying to assume some of those colors back into Don’s black and white image.
November 16th, 2006 at 12:31 pm
these pictures are obviously fake
November 16th, 2006 at 12:53 pm
nope. the Ruskies took them in the early seventies. mars is our and venus is theirs when we make our space war bases.
November 16th, 2006 at 5:07 pm
Oh cosmonauts…
…It’s incredible to think these photos have been sitting for over 30 years! Makes me wonder what else with turn up. Good work with adding the color back in btw.
November 17th, 2006 at 10:01 am
Why did you photoshop out the verdant Venutian pod-blossoms? What of the abundant foot traffic?
November 17th, 2006 at 4:41 pm
It’s incredible, I’ve looked at those first two photos since I’ve a child and have always wondered what Venus would look like. Congratulations to yourself (and to Don Mitchell) for the fantastic work on these photos.
November 27th, 2006 at 11:01 pm
I would strongly suggest that you give proper credit
to Donald P. Mitchell for the original renderings, which
can be found here:
http://www.mentallandscape.com/C_CatalogVenus.htm
November 30th, 2006 at 12:33 am
i actually do link to don mitchell in the post…? i wrote it before i had found don’s own blog which revealed how involved he alone was to making this image. i also left his name on the b&w original. as to scientific accuracy of the color, i do not claim any knowledge beyond what i can see in the originals. i can punch up the credit on the images a whole lot as i do totally appreciate the awesome work don did on these images. i remember these venera images from when i was a kid and it was shocking to see such a new and impressive re-interpretation of them.
November 30th, 2006 at 3:14 am
How about making wallpaper for smaller screens,
say 800 x 600? The ones you have now are too
big for the Big B.
December 1st, 2006 at 9:17 am
yes… i intend to translate all these to various screen sizes. what i am considering doing is making a flash screensaver that would just measure anyone’s screen and make it work there and everywhere. additionally, i’m hoping through RSS i could have the screensaver “subscribe” to any new posts so you can automatically upload any new existing images to the screensaver app.
December 1st, 2006 at 9:20 am
oh… and that screensaver may be able to double as a tool for me to produce various screensizes by just screen grabbing the results. its a pain right now to do all this in photoshop.
July 19th, 2007 at 9:33 am
The color is a bit off in your interpretation here. The Rayleigh scattering based on a sulfer dioxide and carbon dioxide atmosphere would have an orange to reddish tinge to it.
The soviet venera landers had color strips for calabration, but they were distorted due the the temperature and pressure on the surface so they best guessed how the surface color would appear.
July 19th, 2007 at 1:46 pm
yeah, that’s exactly what Don said as well. The Rayleigh scattering in particular. I would gladly revise if I had some way of knowing how to. the sky would be easy enough to move to red/orange… but what of the ground? not sure how the technicalities would have shifted the ground colors.
is it assumed the color calibration strips were just burnt/bleached from the environment so that they could not at all be trusted? someone should computer model how those color strips would be effected by the environment and then work backwards to figure out the real colors.
i don’t have that program
. this was one of my earliest posts and i have since tagged this as “alternate imaging” but perhaps i should make another class as “artistic color” or something like that.
July 20th, 2007 at 12:27 am
revised.
August 7th, 2007 at 9:12 am
Thomas, you might want to shift the color a bit more toward the orange. It should look more like the surface images of Titan, but more orange/red. Look at the reflection off of the drill boom hinge on your image. It has an orange hue to it.
The Rayleigh scattering at 100Bars almost completely filters out blue light, so in reality, we should be seeing an orange to red color of the ground and the sky line.
Also, with an atmosphere of carbon dioxide predominance, we should see refraction at the horizon, but it seems this Venera craft is sitting in a small depression so we can’t see that effect.
August 7th, 2007 at 9:53 am
yeah, definitely me on this. Don has seen this, but i am not quite sure that he is as into the idea of artistically representing this image in color. i myself have some doubts about color in these images that are not based purely upon data, but as i have NO WAY of doing that kind of work (and likely doesn’t exist in the venera collection) i can’t resist doing it here as it is irresistible because Don’s work is so awesome and just the final step of adding color would be such a home run.
i will go into the file again and work on removing blue directly from that channel.
thanks for helping me get it closer to accurate although, we may never REALLY know. its a safe bet its not blue, that we can assume.
August 7th, 2007 at 10:55 am
No problem Thomas. I’m glad to help. Consider the surface color explanation found at http://www.mentallandscape.com/C_CatalogVenus.htm
There are some accurate sky color graphs for Venera’s 13 and 14 on this page.
Your last revision of your color image looks like it’s getting close, but we may need to go darker orange for the sky, which should also adjust the ground color.
Can you apply color to the second Don Mitchell corrected image?
August 7th, 2007 at 11:15 am
you know, when i did this i had intended to and only started with the one as it just seemed more interesting in that there were what seemed to be some valley-like structures in the vicinity. usually these landers always wind up in fairly flat areas to offer safe touchdown. of course, that valley may be exaggerated as it comes from an area of the original scan that is most distorted and right next to the area of complete data loss.
i think i might be tempted to get the original right and then move on to the second.
what do you think of the greenish tinge to the rocks from the original venera images? that always seemed strange to me and yet gorgeous among the surrounding orange/yellows and browns.
August 7th, 2007 at 11:16 am
for instance… why the stark difference on the second color image from venera where the rocks almost seem a metallic salmon color?
August 7th, 2007 at 11:50 am
I agree, the greenish tinge to the rocks looks interesting, but I think it is a color filtering artifact. Basaltic rocks on Earth are almost totally jet black. Since the Venusian surface seems to mostly be basaltic in nature, it should appear brown or reddish to our eyes in that environment.
Yes, I noticed the metallic salmon color in that other image as well and thought that it was probably closer to reality, but I think it is another attempt at color filtering. Rayleigh scattering algorithms yield a result very close to that color under conditions similar to those at the Venus surface. However, there are other compounds in the atmosphere there that probably shift the color one way or the other. A good example of this is sulfur dioxide. Carbon Dioxide, which is what makes up a good majority of the Venusian atmosphere would yield a white or clear color, but at 90 to 100 bars and 860 degrees F at the surface and sulfur dioxide added, we get more reddish/orange to dark yellow/tan.
Also, the amount of ambient light at lander location at any given time will likely shift from darker to lighter versions of surface and sky color as is the case with Mars.
August 10th, 2007 at 1:41 pm
Thomas, What version of Adobe Photoshop are you using?
Are you using Adobe Photoshop elements, or the CS3 complete package?
August 10th, 2007 at 9:15 pm
I am on CS3… we actually beta test Adobe products, mostly Illustrator… but I used to teach Photoshop at SVA in NYC.
January 21st, 2008 at 7:03 pm
Please…the venus and mars pics, like the moon landings are fakes…Its all about the UD and Russians lyinng, each claiming they were more advanced than the other
January 21st, 2008 at 9:16 pm
k. is the “UD” supposed to be US and is “lyinng” supposed to be lying? conspiracy theories are like assholes. i don’t think WW2 happened either… really. it was just faked to boost the world economy.
April 24th, 2008 at 6:03 am
Excellent work coloring the photo, and it looks real enough to me. The probe’s original pictures were fantastic, and Mitchell’s work made it even more exciting. With color the terrain really seems real. Do you have a larger resolution file available of this?
April 25th, 2008 at 12:16 am
no, i mean… the originals are not that large to start and don has asked that i not distribute the image any larger as some “for profit” publications have used his work without permission. don doesn’t mind non-profit distribution but understandably wants to retain his ownership of all his hard word, not to mention the genius of even realizing such a re-interpretation of 35 year old data was even possible on such a dramatic level.
May 31st, 2008 at 3:51 pm
Well, I think that it was a great achievement, to reach the Venus surface, a very hostile place. I think the man never could reach this planet in manned missions, so our next goal is Mars. When the mankind arrive there, we’ll be a really interplanetary race, and we could reach other celestial bodies in our solar system.
I hope to live to witness it!
June 26th, 2008 at 10:43 pm
The Surface of Venus Revealed…
Even though this is old content… i make a point of posting it whenever possible. Not enough people have seen the incredible work of Don Mitchell and his re-working of old Soviet Venera surface images of Venus. This is a new world to us using 30+ year…